Characters of the gomphoid-phalloid fungi

Macro- and microscopic characters of the gomphoid-phalloid fungi. A-E represent the Hysterangiales clade: A, Hysterangium setchellii. B, Mesophellia castanea. C, Gallacea scleroderma. D, basidiospores of H. inflatum enclosed in utricle. E, basidiospores of Austrogautieria rodwayi (photograph by L. Rodway). F-L represent the Phallales clade: F, Phallus impudicus (photograph by Koukichi Maruyama). G, Aseroë rubra. H, Ileodictyon cibarium. I, Lysurus mokusin (photograph by Ikuo Asai). J, Claustula fischeri. K, Phallobata alba (photograph by Peter Johnston). L, basidiospores of I. cibarium. M-T represent the Gomphales clade: M, Ramaria fennica (photograph by Ikuo Asai). N, Turbinellus (Gomphus) floccosus (photograph by Ikuo Asai). O, Gautieria sp. P, Kavinia sp. (photograph by Patrick Leacock). Q, basidiospores of Ramaria botrytis with cyanophilic ornamentation (photograph by Koukichi Maruyama). R, ampullate hypha of R. eumorpha. S, acanthohypha of R. cystidiophora stained with cotton blue (photograph by Efren Cazares). T, hyphal mat formed by Ramaria sp.; note sharp contrast in colour between the white soil of the mycelial mat and the black soil elsewhere. U-Z represent the Geastrales clade: U, Geastrum fornicatum. V, Pyrenogaster pityophilus. W, Sphaerobolus stellatus. X, basidiospore of G. coronatum. Y, basidiospore of Myriostoma coliforme. Z, basidiospores and germinating gemmae of S. stellatus. Scale bars: A, B, V = 5 mm; C, G, I-K, O, P, U = 1 cm; D, E, L, Q-S, Z = 5 µm; F, H, M, N = 5 cm; T = 10 cm; W = 1 mm; X, Y = 1 µm. Modified from Fig. 1 in Hosaka et al. (2006) using graphic files kindly supplied.by Dr Kentaro Hosaka, National Museum of Nature and Science, Japan. Reprinted with permission from Mycologia. © The Mycological Society of America.